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Ernest McBride, Sr. was a civil rights activist and community leader based in Long Beach California. McBride was born on Nov. 20, 1909, one of seven children of a Mississippi Delta farmer. There were no schools for black people in Mississippi so, at age 8, the family moved to Arkansas so that the children could attend school. In Little Rock Arkansas, McBride and his siblings attended segregated schools. While still in school, McBride witnessed a white mob drag a black man to death behind an automobile then set the man on fire. At the all-black Scipio A. Jones High School, McBride first learned about Mahatma Gandhi’s model for peaceful protest of injustice. Like Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., McBride employed this model of peaceful protest throughout his life to achieve civil rights gains. McBride graduated from Scipio A. Jones High School in 1930. He played briefly with the Memphis Red Sox in the Negro National League, but soon headed to California in search of better jobs and higher wages. When McBride arrived in Long Beach in 1930, he found the city as segrated as Little Rock. At his first job on an all-black crew loading cotton onto ships in San Pedro Harbor, McBride discovered that his crew as making less than the previous workers—Latinos, who had been fired after asking for raise. McBride quit and fought to unionize all shipyard workers, regardless of race. While working at a Ralph's grocery store in 1932, McBride became a union organizer for the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). He organized the Ralph's employees, who picketed the store until it signed an agreement with the employees. McBride served for five years on the CIO grievance committee and was authorized to represent any government employee west of the Mississippi River. He worked to get blacks hired in the City of Long Beach's Trash, Police, and Fire Departments. In 1940, McBride and his wife Lillian decided to try and form a Long Beach branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). They recruited Roscoe Hayes, L.J. Jones, and Nathan Holly and held the organizational meetings at the McBrides home, under the watchful eye of the police. With the assistance of the Reverend Willy Lomax of the Second Baptist Church, who made an appeal to his congregation, they were able to raise sufficient funds and membership to be accepted as an official chapter of the NAACP. Among the many injustices he fought were attempts to bar him and his wife, Lillian, also active in the movement, from purchasing a home on Lemon Avenue in Long Beach in 1948. When restrictive covenants and a petition by white neighbors to keep his family out might have stopped another man, McBride persevered, and not only bought the bungalow but raised his six children there. The house became a regular meeting place for civil rights activists. In the 1950s, McBride and his wife hosted receptions at their home for Eslande Goode Robeson, wife of Paul Robeson, while Mr. Robeson performed at a fundraising event for the Long Beach NAACP, and Margarita Belafonte, wife of Harry Belafonte—African-American luminaries and activists at the time.〔Nash, Sunny, ''Fighting for the People.'' Belmont, 2007, pp.92-93〕 The McBride home was designated a historical landmark by the Long Beach City Council in 1994. By then, McBride had become a local legend. Having co-founded the Long Beach Chapter of the NAACP, he successfully fought to integrate the Long Beach Police Department, the Long Beach Fire Dept., Ralph's grocery stores, the naval shipyard and General Telephone Co. He organized a student revolt (including two of his own children) to force local officials to abandon blackface minstrel shows. From 1948 - 1972, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) maintained surveillance of McBride.〔Nash, Sunny, ''Fighting for the People.''Belmont, pp. 130-132〕 The FBI was concerned that civil rights leaders had communist sympathies or ties, and conducted surveillance and covert activities against civil rights leaders and organizations as part of its COINTELPRO program. Ernest McBride, Sr. died in 2007 at the age of 97. In addition to the historical landmark designation of his home, Long Beach's Ernest McBride High School, Ernest McBride Skate Park, and Ernest McBride community center are all named in his honor. In 2008, his biography, (Fighting for the People ), was released, co-authored by Sunny Nash. .〔http://pressexposure.com/Sunny_Nash_Co-Authors_Fighting_For_The_People-56343.html〕 == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ernest McBride, Sr.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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